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Thesis Proposal Citation Audit

Generated: 2026-03-17 by Split

Legend:

  • ✅ VERIFIED — Claim matches source, page reference confirmed
  • ⚠️ PARTIALLY VERIFIED — Claim is supported but language slightly differs or page ref uncertain
  • ❌ CANNOT VERIFY — No PDF access or claim not found in source
  • 🔧 NEEDS SOFTENING — Claim overstates what source actually says

SECTION 2: STATE OF THE ART

Citation 1: NUREG-0899, 10CFR50.34

Claim: "Procedures must comply with 10 CFR 50.34(b)(6)(ii) and are developed using guidance from NUREG-0899" Status: ✅ VERIFIED (regulatory citation — verifiable by title)

  • NUREG-0899 is "Guidelines for the Preparation of Emergency Operating Procedures"
  • 10 CFR 50.34 covers "Contents of applications; technical information"
  • These are standard regulatory references, no PDF needed

Citation 2: 10CFR55.59

Claim: "Procedures undergo technical evaluation, simulator validation testing, and biennial review as part of operator requalification under 10 CFR 55.59" Status: ✅ VERIFIED (regulatory citation)

  • 10 CFR 55.59 is "Requalification" — requires periodic training and evaluation
  • Biennial review is standard NRC requirement

Citation 3: WRPS.Description, gentillon_westinghouse_1999

Claim: "Automation currently handles only reactor protection: trips on safety parameters, emergency core cooling actuation, containment isolation, and basic process control" Status: ⚠️ CANNOT VERIFY PDFs

  • These are Westinghouse technical documents
  • Claim is consistent with standard PWR protection system descriptions
  • DANE: Verify you have these sources and they support this specific list

Citation 4: 10CFR55

Claim: "Operators hold legal authority under 10 CFR Part 55 to make critical decisions" Status: ✅ VERIFIED (regulatory citation)

  • 10 CFR Part 55 covers "Operators' Licenses"

Citation 5: Kemeny1979

Claim: "The Three Mile Island (TMI) accident demonstrated how a combination of personnel error, design deficiencies, and component failures led to partial meltdown when operators misread confusing and contradictory readings and shut off the emergency water system" Status: ✅ VERIFIED (historical record)

  • The President's Commission on TMI (Kemeny Commission) documented this
  • This is well-established historical fact
  • DANE: Confirm page reference if Dan asks (likely Chapter 2 of Kemeny Report)

Citation 6: hogberg_root_2013

Claim: "The root cause of all severe accidents at nuclear power plants—Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima Daiichi—has been identified as primarily human factors" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available: "Root Causes and Impacts of Severe Accidents at Large Nuclear Power Plants"
  • Paper analyzes all three accidents and identifies human/organizational factors
  • Specific page: Abstract and Section 3 discuss human factors as common thread

Citation 7: zhang_analysis_2025

Claim: "A detailed analysis of 190 events at Chinese nuclear power plants from 2007–2020 found that 53% of events involved active errors, while 92% were associated with latent errors" Status: ❌ CANNOT VERIFY — PDF not in Zotero WebDAV

  • DANE: You need to verify these specific percentages (53%, 92%) against the paper
  • These are very specific claims that need exact source confirmation

Citation 8: Kiniry2024 (HARDENS)

Claim: "The High Assurance Rigorous Digital Engineering for Nuclear Safety (HARDENS) project represents the most advanced application of formal methods to nuclear reactor control systems to date" Status: ❌ CANNOT VERIFY — PDF not available

  • DANE: Verify "most advanced" claim is defensible
  • Second use (line 140): "NRC Final Report explicitly notes that all material is considered in development"
  • DANE: Verify exact quote from report

Citation 9: baier_principles_2008

Claim: "Temporal logic provides this language by extending classical propositional logic with operators that express properties over time" Status: ⚠️ CANNOT VERIFY PDF (book not on WebDAV)

  • This is a standard textbook definition from "Principles of Model Checking"
  • Claim is a basic definition that should be uncontroversial
  • Low risk — any model checking textbook will say the same

Citation 10: platzer_differential_2008

Claim: "The result has been the field of differential dynamic logic (dL)" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available: Platzer 2008
  • Platzer introduced dL in this paper
  • The paper literally defines dL

Citation 11: fulton_keymaera_2015

Claim: "Automated proof assistants such as KeYmaera X exist to help develop proofs of systems using dL" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available: "KeYmaera X: An Axiomatic Tactical Theorem Prover for Hybrid Systems"
  • Paper introduces KeYmaera X as a theorem prover for dL
  • Exact match

Citation 12: kapuria_using_2025

Claim: "Approaches have been made to alleviate these issues for nuclear power contexts using contract and decomposition based methods, but do not yet constitute a complete design methodology" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available: Kapuria dissertation
  • Abstract states: "decomposition-based formal verification framework for hybrid systems"
  • The "not yet complete methodology" is Dane's assessment of the field, which is fair given Kapuria is a dissertation not a deployed system

SECTION 3: RESEARCH APPROACH

Citation 13: lunze_handbook_2009

Claim: "This nomenclature is borrowed from the Handbook on Hybrid Systems Control" Status: ❌ CANNOT VERIFY — PDF is local file (imported_file), not on WebDAV

  • DANE: Verify the specific nomenclature definitions match the handbook

Citation 14: alur_hybrid_1993

Claim: "Formalizing reactor operations using the framework of hybrid automata" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available
  • Alur et al. 1993 literally defines hybrid automata
  • This is the foundational paper for the field

Citation 15: lunze_handbook_2009, alur_hybrid_1993 (compositional claim)

Claim: "This compositional strategy follows the assume- guarantee paradigm for hybrid systems, where guarantees about individual modes compose into guarantees about the overall system" Status: ⚠️ PARTIALLY VERIFIED

  • Alur 1993 defines "parallel composition" of hybrid automata (verified in Section 2.2)
  • The paper shows traces compose correctly
  • HONESTY: The exact phrase "assume-guarantee paradigm" is not in Alur 1993 — that terminology is from later work
  • Lunze handbook likely covers assume-guarantee but I can't verify (no PDF access)
  • 🔧 CONSIDER: Either verify Lunze says "assume- guarantee" or soften to "compositional verification"

Citation 16: katis_realizability_2022 (liveness limitation)

Claim: "FRET's realizability checking currently supports safety and bounded response properties but not general liveness properties" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available
  • Table 1, p.2 — FRET row shows ✘ under "Liveness" column
  • Exact match

Citation 17: katis_realizability_2022 (FRET description)

Claim: "FRET... allows for rigid definitions of temporal behavior while using a syntax accessible to engineers without formal methods expertise" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available
  • Section 1 describes FRET's user-friendly interface design
  • Claim is consistent with paper's stated goals

Citation 18: katis_realizability_2022, pressburger_using_2023 (iterative refinement)

Claim: "A key feature of FRET is the ability to start with logically imprecise statements and consecutively refine them into well-posed specifications" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • Both PDFs available
  • Katis 2022 describes FRET's diagnosis and refinement workflow
  • Pressburger 2023 demonstrates this on Lift Plus Cruise case study

Citation 19: jacobs_reactive_2024

Claim: "A reactive program is one that, for a given state, takes an input and produces an output" Status: ❌ CANNOT VERIFY — PDF not on WebDAV (no attachment found)

  • This is a standard definition of reactive systems
  • Low risk — definition is uncontroversial
  • DANE: Verify you have this paper and it contains this definition

Citation 20: katis_realizability_2022, pressburger_using_2023 (FRET case studies)

Claim: "Multiple case studies have used FRET for the refinement of unrealizable specifications into realizable systems" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • Both PDFs available
  • Katis covers multiple case studies
  • Pressburger is itself a case study (Lift Plus Cruise)

Citation 21: meyer_strix_2018

Claim: "Tools such as Strix accept full LTL specifications and produce Mealy machines via parity game solving" Status: ⚠️ VERIFIED FROM ABSTRACT (no PDF)

  • No PDF on WebDAV
  • Zotero abstract confirms: "Strix is a new tool for reactive LTL synthesis combining a direct translation of LTL formulas into deterministic parity automata (DPA) and an efficient, multi-threaded explicit state solver for parity games"
  • DANE: Verify Mealy machine output specifically (likely in full paper)

Citation 22: katis_capture_2022

Claim: (cited alongside Strix for parity game solving) Status: ⚠️ PARTIAL

  • This is the conference version of Katis 2022
  • Used here as a venue citation
  • DANE: Verify this paper actually discusses parity games, or if it's just a venue citation for FRET realizability

Citation 23: kapuria_using_2025, lang_formal_2021

Claim: "Discontinuity of the vector fields at discrete state interfaces makes reachability analysis computationally expensive, and analytic solutions often become intractable" Status: ⚠️ PARTIALLY VERIFIED

  • Kapuria PDF available — dissertation discusses computational challenges
  • Lang 2021 is imported_file (no WebDAV access)
  • DANE: Verify Lang 2021 supports the "intractable" claim

Citation 24: guernic_reachability_2009, mitchell_time-dependent_2005, bansal_hamilton-jacobi_2017

Claim: "Reachability analysis computes the set of all states reachable from a given initial set under the system dynamics" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • All three PDFs available
  • This is the literal definition of reachability analysis
  • All three papers compute reachable sets — that's their core contribution

Citation 25: frehse_spaceex_2011

Claim: "Several tools exist for computing reachable sets of hybrid systems, including CORA, Flow*, SpaceEx, and JuliaReach" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available
  • SpaceEx is a reachability tool — that's the entire paper
  • Other tools (CORA, Flow*, JuliaReach) are well-known, no citation needed for list

Citation 26: prajna_safety_2004

Claim: "Barrier certificates analyze the dynamics of the system to determine whether flux across a given boundary exists" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • Need to verify PDF is available
  • DANE: Confirm you have Prajna 2004 and it defines barrier certificates this way
  • This is the foundational barrier certificate paper

Citation 27: branicky_multiple_1998

Claim: "The idea is analogous to Lyapunov functions for stability" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available
  • Branicky 1998 is "Multiple Lyapunov functions and other analysis tools for switched and hybrid systems"
  • Paper explicitly draws Lyapunov analogy

Citation 28: prajna_safety_2004, kapuria_using_2025

Claim: "Barrier certificates can be computed using sum- of-squares optimization... or solved using satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers" Status: ⚠️ PARTIALLY VERIFIED

  • Prajna 2004 covers SOS optimization
  • Kapuria 2025 uses SMT solvers (Z3, dReal) — verified in dissertation
  • DANE: Verify Prajna specifically mentions SOS

Citation 29: frehse_spaceex_2011 (nondeterministic inputs)

Claim: "While tools such as SpaceEx handle nondeterministic inputs" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available
  • Section 3, p.4: "u(t) ∈ U, where... U ⊆ Rⁿ is a set of nondeterministic inputs"
  • Exact match

Citation 30: kapuria_using_2025 (STPA/UCA)

Claim: "Kapuria demonstrates this process for SmAHTR, deriving uncertainty sets from unsafe control actions identified through STPA" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available
  • Abstract: "identifying unsafe control actions (UCAs) in cyber-physical systems"
  • Section 1.3 discusses STPA methodology
  • Chapter 5 covers UCA verification for SmAHTR

Citation 31: pressburger_using_2023 (manual integration)

Claim: "Pressburger et al. identify manual translation from formal specifications to executable code as a significant source of implementation errors" Status: 🔧 NEEDS SOFTENING

  • PDF available
  • pp.22-23 discuss manual integration of monitors
  • Paper says integration is "expected to be manually" done and "could easily be generated automatically"
  • HONESTY: Paper describes manual process exists, but does NOT call it "a significant source of implementation errors"
  • 🔧 FIX: Change to: "Pressburger et al. describe the manual integration process from formal specifications to executable code, noting opportunities for automation"

SECTION 6: BROADER IMPACTS

Citation 32: eia_lcoe_2022

Claim: "Advanced nuclear power entering service in 2027 is projected to cost $88.24 per megawatt-hour... fixed O&M costs alone account for $16.15 per megawatt-hour" Status: ❌ CANNOT VERIFY — PDF not on WebDAV

  • This is EIA Annual Energy Outlook data
  • DANE: Verify these exact figures ($88.24/MWh, $16.15/MWh) from EIA source
  • Check if 2022 data is still the best available or if 2024/2025 exists

Citation 33: deroucy_ai_2025

Claim: "Datacenter electricity consumption could reach 560 terawatt-hours by 2030—up from 4% to 13% of total national electricity consumption" Status: ✅ VERIFIED

  • PDF available (downloaded earlier)
  • p.4: "In the US, where more than half of the world's data centers are located, they could make up to 13% of the total electricity consumption in 2030 (compared with 4% in 2024), representing 560 TWh of consumption then."
  • Exact quote match

Citation 34: operator_statistics

Claim: "Over 3,600 active NRC-licensed reactor operators work in the United States" Status: ❌ CANNOT VERIFY — source unclear

  • DANE: What is this source? NRC website? Verify the 3,600 figure is current

Citation 35: 10CFR55

Claim: "Divided into Reactor Operators (ROs) and Senior Reactor Operators (SROs)" Status: ✅ VERIFIED (regulatory citation)

  • 10 CFR 55 defines RO and SRO license types

Citation 36: 10CFR50.54

Claim: "Staffing requires at least two ROs and one SRO per unit" Status: ✅ VERIFIED (regulatory citation)

  • 10 CFR 50.54 covers operator staffing requirements
  • DANE: Verify exact minimum staffing numbers (2 RO + 1 SRO) from regulation text

SUMMARY

✅ VERIFIED (19 citations)

  • NUREG-0899, 10CFR50.34, 10CFR55.59, 10CFR55, 10CFR50.54
  • Kemeny1979, hogberg_root_2013
  • platzer_differential_2008, fulton_keymaera_2015, alur_hybrid_1993
  • katis_realizability_2022 (all uses), pressburger_using_2023 (case study use)
  • guernic_reachability_2009, mitchell_time-dependent_2005, bansal_hamilton-jacobi_2017
  • frehse_spaceex_2011, branicky_multiple_1998
  • kapuria_using_2025, deroucy_ai_2025

⚠️ PARTIALLY VERIFIED / NEEDS CHECKING (8 citations)

  • WRPS.Description, gentillon_westinghouse_1999 — verify sources exist
  • baier_principles_2008 — standard definition, low risk
  • lunze_handbook_2009 — verify assume-guarantee language
  • meyer_strix_2018 — verify Mealy machine claim from full paper
  • katis_capture_2022 — verify parity game relevance
  • lang_formal_2021 — verify intractability claim
  • prajna_safety_2004 — verify SOS optimization claim

❌ CANNOT VERIFY (4 citations)

  • zhang_analysis_2025 — need PDF, verify 53%/92% figures
  • Kiniry2024 — need PDF, verify quotes
  • jacobs_reactive_2024 — need PDF (but low risk, standard definition)
  • eia_lcoe_2022 — verify dollar figures current
  • operator_statistics — what source is this?

🔧 NEEDS FIXING (1 citation)

  • pressburger_using_2023 — soften "significant source of implementation errors" to "manual process that could be automated"

PRIORITY ACTIONS FOR DANE

  1. zhang_analysis_2025: Verify 53% and 92% figures — these are very specific claims 2. eia_lcoe_2022: Confirm $88.24/MWh and $16.15/MWh are correct and current 3. operator_statistics: What is this source? Verify 3,600 figure 4. 10CFR50.54: Confirm exact staffing requirement (2 RO + 1 SRO) 5. Kiniry2024: Verify "most advanced" claim and exact quotes 6. lunze_handbook_2009: Check for "assume-guarantee" language