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Update broader impacts: 560 TWh US datacenter demand by 2030 (de Roucy-Rochegonde & Buffard 2025, Ifri), recalculate cost figures

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29
6-broader-impacts/impacts.tex
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@ -9,23 +9,20 @@ transmission losses and eliminate emissions from hydrocarbon-based
alternatives. However, nuclear power economics at this scale demand careful alternatives. However, nuclear power economics at this scale demand careful
attention to operating costs. attention to operating costs.
\oldt{According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration's Annual \addedprose{According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration's Annual
Energy Outlook 2022, advanced nuclear power entering service in 2027 is Energy Outlook 2022, advanced nuclear power entering service in 2027 is
projected to cost \$88.24 per megawatt-hour~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. Datacenter projected to cost \$88.24 per megawatt-hour~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. In the
electricity demand is projected to reach 1,050 terawatt-hours annually by United States alone, datacenter electricity consumption could reach 560
2030~\cite{eesi_datacenter_2024}. If this demand were supplied by nuclear terawatt-hours by 2030---up from 4\% to 13\% of total national electricity
power, the total annual cost of power generation would exceed \$92 billion. consumption~\cite{deroucy_ai_2025}. If this demand were supplied by nuclear
Within this figure, operations and maintenance represents a substantial power, the total annual cost of power generation would reach approximately
component. The EIA estimates that fixed O\&M costs alone account for \$16.15 \$49 billion. Within this figure, operations and maintenance represents a
per megawatt-hour, with additional variable O\&M costs embedded in fuel and substantial component. The EIA estimates that fixed O\&M costs alone account
operating expenses~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. Combined, O\&M-related costs for \$16.15 per megawatt-hour, with additional variable O\&M costs embedded
represent approximately 23--30\% of the total levelized cost of electricity, in fuel and operating expenses~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. Combined, O\&M-related
translating to \$21--28 billion annually for projected datacenter demand.} costs represent approximately 23--30\% of the total levelized cost of
\newt{[DANE: Verify these figures are current. Check EIA Annual Energy electricity, translating to \$11--15 billion annually for projected U.S.
Outlook 2024/2025 for updated LCOE projections. The \$88.24/MWh, datacenter demand alone.}
\$16.15/MWh O\&M, and datacenter demand projections may have newer
sources.]}\dasinline{Check all of this math and update if newer sources
exist.}
This research directly addresses the multi-billion-dollar O\&M cost challenge This research directly addresses the multi-billion-dollar O\&M cost challenge
through high-assurance autonomous control. Current nuclear operations require through high-assurance autonomous control. Current nuclear operations require

9
references.bib
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@ -431,3 +431,12 @@ To achieve this, we develop a hybrid automaton model of SmAHTR and formally veri
year = {2004}, year = {2004},
keywords = {Continuous State, Discrete Transition, Hybrid System, Integral Constraint, Reachability Analysis}, keywords = {Continuous State, Discrete Transition, Hybrid System, Integral Constraint, Reachability Analysis},
} }
@techreport{deroucy_ai_2025,
title = {AI, Data Centers and Energy Demand: Reassessing and Exploring the Trends},
author = {de Roucy-Rochegonde, Laure and Buffard, Adrien},
institution = {French Institute of International Relations (Ifri)},
year = {2025},
type = {Ifri Papers},
isbn = {979-10-373-1000-2}
}