diff --git a/6-broader-impacts/impacts.tex b/6-broader-impacts/impacts.tex index b93dae4..a2d12bb 100644 --- a/6-broader-impacts/impacts.tex +++ b/6-broader-impacts/impacts.tex @@ -9,23 +9,20 @@ transmission losses and eliminate emissions from hydrocarbon-based alternatives. However, nuclear power economics at this scale demand careful attention to operating costs. -\oldt{According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration's Annual +\addedprose{According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook 2022, advanced nuclear power entering service in 2027 is -projected to cost \$88.24 per megawatt-hour~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. Datacenter -electricity demand is projected to reach 1,050 terawatt-hours annually by -2030~\cite{eesi_datacenter_2024}. If this demand were supplied by nuclear -power, the total annual cost of power generation would exceed \$92 billion. -Within this figure, operations and maintenance represents a substantial -component. The EIA estimates that fixed O\&M costs alone account for \$16.15 -per megawatt-hour, with additional variable O\&M costs embedded in fuel and -operating expenses~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. Combined, O\&M-related costs -represent approximately 23--30\% of the total levelized cost of electricity, -translating to \$21--28 billion annually for projected datacenter demand.} -\newt{[DANE: Verify these figures are current. Check EIA Annual Energy -Outlook 2024/2025 for updated LCOE projections. The \$88.24/MWh, -\$16.15/MWh O\&M, and datacenter demand projections may have newer -sources.]}\dasinline{Check all of this math and update if newer sources -exist.} +projected to cost \$88.24 per megawatt-hour~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. In the +United States alone, datacenter electricity consumption could reach 560 +terawatt-hours by 2030---up from 4\% to 13\% of total national electricity +consumption~\cite{deroucy_ai_2025}. If this demand were supplied by nuclear +power, the total annual cost of power generation would reach approximately +\$49 billion. Within this figure, operations and maintenance represents a +substantial component. The EIA estimates that fixed O\&M costs alone account +for \$16.15 per megawatt-hour, with additional variable O\&M costs embedded +in fuel and operating expenses~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. Combined, O\&M-related +costs represent approximately 23--30\% of the total levelized cost of +electricity, translating to \$11--15 billion annually for projected U.S. +datacenter demand alone.} This research directly addresses the multi-billion-dollar O\&M cost challenge through high-assurance autonomous control. Current nuclear operations require diff --git a/references.bib b/references.bib index e19ac60..abd88cb 100644 --- a/references.bib +++ b/references.bib @@ -431,3 +431,12 @@ To achieve this, we develop a hybrid automaton model of SmAHTR and formally veri year = {2004}, keywords = {Continuous State, Discrete Transition, Hybrid System, Integral Constraint, Reachability Analysis}, } + +@techreport{deroucy_ai_2025, + title = {AI, Data Centers and Energy Demand: Reassessing and Exploring the Trends}, + author = {de Roucy-Rochegonde, Laure and Buffard, Adrien}, + institution = {French Institute of International Relations (Ifri)}, + year = {2025}, + type = {Ifri Papers}, + isbn = {979-10-373-1000-2} +}