53 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
53 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Introduction
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allDay: false
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startTime: 18:00
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endTime: 21:00
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date: 2024-08-27
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completed: null
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---
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# Parts and things related to atoms
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Four main components
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1. **Electron**
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1. Basically massless.
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2. Don't have a huge effect on the nuclear physics.
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2. **Proton**
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1. Do have mass!
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2. Determine what the element is.
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3. **Neutron**
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1. Are the fuel. Hit things fast
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2. Don't change element by number.
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3.
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4. **Photon**
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1. Don't really interact with matter
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2. Can actually be a safety concern. Can harm people.
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5. Bonus! **Neutrino**
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1. Basically no mass.
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2. Balance out the energy equations.
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3. Light :)
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The nucleus is really, really small.
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For $^4 He$ , $V_\text{nucleus} / V_\text{atom} = 2.6\times 10^-12$
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# Atom Identification
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## $^A_Z X$
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* A is the atomic mass
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* Z is the atomic number
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* X is the element symbol
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Some examples:
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$^{235}_{92} U$ $^4_2 He$ $^1_1 H$
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**Nuclide** - A type of atom characterized by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of every atom of this type
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**Isotopes** - Atoms with the same number of protons but containing different numbers of neutrons.
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**Isotopic Abundance** - The percentage of an element that is a certain isotope. Sometimes abbreviated (a/o)
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**Atomic Weight** - The average weight of all isotopes weighted by their prevalence.
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*Atomic Weight of $^A Z$ = $12 \frac{m\left(^A Z\right)}{m\left(^{12}C\right)}$ .
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Atomic mass of Z is in the slides
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**Molecular weight** is the total mass of a molecule relative to the mass of a neutral $^{12}C$.
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# Mass and Energy Equivalence
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Einstein famously showed that $E = m c^2$
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Electron volts are a unit
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![[Pasted image 20240827190612.png]]
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