\section{Goals and Outcomes}
\dasinline{Research statement is very similar to GO
because that's what I had when I prepared it.
If it's going to be an executive summary, it
should talk more about the other sections rather
than just being a slightly different GO section.}

% GOAL PARAGRAPH
The goal of this research is to develop a methodology for creating autonomous
hybrid control systems with mathematical guarantees of safe and correct
behavior.\splitnote{Clear thesis statement. Gets right to it.}

% INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH Hook
Nuclear power plants require the highest levels of control system reliability,
where failures can result in significant economic losses, service interruptions,
or radiological release.\splitnote{Stakes established immediately — good hook.}
% Known information
Currently, nuclear plant operations rely on extensively trained human operators
who follow detailed written procedures and strict regulatory requirements to
manage reactor control. These operators make critical decisions about when to
switch between different control modes based on their interpretation of plant
conditions and procedural guidance.
% Gap
This reliance on human operators prevents autonomous control capabilities and
creates a fundamental economic challenge for next-generation reactor 
designs.
\splitinline{The ``and'' here joins two distinct issues (autonomy barrier + 
economics). Consider making the causal link explicit: ``This reliance on human 
operators not only prevents autonomous control capabilities but also 
creates...'' or split into two sentences.}
Small modular reactors, in particular, face per-megawatt staffing costs far
exceeding those of conventional plants and threaten their economic viability.

% Critical Need
What is needed is a method to create autonomous control systems that safely
manage complex operational sequences with the same assurance as human-operated
systems, but without constant human supervision.
\splitinline{``What is needed is'' — Gopen would call this a weak topic 
position. The sentence buries the subject. Try: ``Autonomous control systems 
must safely manage complex operational sequences...'' Puts the actor in the 
topic position.}
% APPROACH PARAGRAPH Solution
To address this need, we will combine formal methods with control theory to
build hybrid control systems that are correct by construction.
% Rationale
Hybrid systems use discrete logic to switch between continuous control modes,
mirroring how operators change control strategies. Existing formal methods can
generate provably correct switching logic from written requirements, but they
cannot handle the continuous dynamics that occur during transitions between
modes. Meanwhile, traditional control theory can verify continuous behavior but
lacks tools for proving correctness of discrete switching 
decisions.\splitnote{Excellent setup of the gap — shows why neither approach 
alone is sufficient.}
% Hypothesis
By synthesizing discrete mode transitions directly from written operating
procedures and verifying continuous behavior between transitions, we can create
hybrid control systems with end-to-end correctness guarantees. If existing
procedures can be formalized into logical specifications and continuous dynamics
verified against transition requirements, then autonomous controllers can be
built that are provably free from design 
defects.\splitnote{Hypothesis is clear and testable.}
% Pay-off
This approach will enable autonomous control in nuclear power plants while
maintaining the high safety standards required by the industry.

% Qualifications
This work is conducted within the University of Pittsburgh Cyber Energy Center,
which provides access to industry collaboration and Emerson control hardware,
ensuring that developed solutions align with practical implementation
requirements.
\splitinline{This qualifications paragraph feels orphaned here. It's important 
context but reads as an afterthought. Consider integrating it into the 
approach paragraph (``...demonstrated on Emerson hardware through our 
partnership with the Cyber Energy Center'') or moving to a ``Why This Will 
Succeed'' framing later.}



% OUTCOMES PARAGRAPHS
If this research is successful, we will be able to do the following:

\begin{enumerate}

  % OUTCOME 1 Title
  \item \textbf{Translate written procedures into verified control logic.}
    % Strategy
    We will develop a methodology for converting existing written operating
    procedures into formal specifications that can be automatically synthesized
    into discrete control logic. This process will use structured intermediate
    representations to bridge natural language procedures and mathematical
    logic.
    % Outcome
    Control system engineers will generate verified mode-switching controllers
    directly from regulatory procedures without formal methods 
    expertise,\dasinline{Same comment as in executive
    summary. Might not be true and is not the point.}
    lowering the barrier to high-assurance control systems.

    % OUTCOME 2 Title
  \item \textbf{Verify continuous control behavior across mode transitions.}
    % Strategy
    We will establish methods for analyzing continuous control modes to ensure
    they satisfy discrete transition requirements. Using classical control
    theory for linear systems and reachability analysis for nonlinear dynamics,
    we will verify that each continuous mode safely reaches its intended
    transitions.
    Engineers will design continuous controllers using standard practices while
    iterating to ensure broader system correctness, proving that mode
    transitions occur safely and at the correct times.

    % OUTCOME 3  Title
  \item \textbf{Demonstrate autonomous reactor startup control with safety
    guarantees.}
    % Strategy
    We will apply this methodology to develop an autonomous controller for
    nuclear reactor startup procedures, implementing it on a small modular
    reactor simulation using industry-standard control hardware. This
    demonstration will prove correctness across multiple coordinated control
    modes from cold shutdown through criticality to power 
    operation.\splitnote{``cold shutdown through criticality to power 
    operation'' — concrete and impressive scope.}
    % Outcome
    We will demonstrate that autonomous hybrid control can be realized in the
    nuclear industry with current equipment, establishing a path toward reduced
    operator staffing while maintaining safety.

\end{enumerate}

% IMPACT PARAGRAPH Innovation
The innovation in this work is unifying discrete synthesis with continuous
verification to enable end-to-end correctness guarantees for hybrid 
systems.\splitnote{Clear ``what's new'' statement.}
% Outcome Impact
If successful, control engineers will create autonomous controllers from
existing procedures with mathematical proof of correct behavior. High-assurance
autonomous control will become practical for safety-critical applications.
% Impact/Pay-off
This capability is essential for the economic viability of next-generation
nuclear power. Small modular reactors offer a promising solution to growing
energy demands, but their success depends on reducing per-megawatt operating
costs through increased autonomy.\dasinline{This paragraph is literally
the same as the rest of the GO. Does not belong here
and feels very redundant.} This research will provide the tools to
achieve that autonomy while maintaining the exceptional safety record the
nuclear industry requires.\splitnote{Strong closing --- ties technical work to 
real-world impact and economic necessity.}