Obsidian/Presentations/ERLM/sections/03_safety_imperative.tex
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% Safety Imperative
\begin{frame}{Human operators are the root cause of 70--80\% of nuclear incidents}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[thick, fill=gray!20] (0,0) rectangle (12,7);
\node[align=center, text width=10cm] at (6,3.5) {
\textbf{FIGURE: Human Error Statistics}\\[0.3cm]
Top: Pie chart showing 70--80\% human error\\
vs 20\% equipment failure\\[0.3cm]
Middle: TMI timeline visualization\\
100+ alarms $\rightarrow$ operator confusion $\rightarrow$ 44\% meltdown\\[0.3cm]
Bottom: Human Error Probability chart\\
HEP: 0.001 (optimal) $\rightarrow$ 1.0 (accident conditions)\\
Stress factors multiply error rates 10-50x
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
%SPEAKER NOTES: See comments below
%
\textbf{The Human Error Problem:}
\begin{itemize}
\item 70--80\% of events attributed to human error (multiple independent analyses)
\item IAEA: ``Human error was the root cause of ALL severe accidents'' (TMI, Chernobyl, Fukushima)
\end{itemize}
\textbf{Three Mile Island (1979):}
\begin{itemize}
\item 100+ simultaneous alarms overwhelmed operators
\item Operators shut down emergency cooling based on incorrect assessment
\item Result: 44\% of fuel melted
\item Risk assessment was off by 500-fold (5\% actual vs 0.01\% predicted)
\end{itemize}
\textbf{Fundamental Cognitive Limitations:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Working memory: 7±2 items (Miller, 1956)
\item HEP: 0.001--0.01 optimal $\rightarrow$ 0.1--1.0 under accident conditions
\item Four decades of training improvements haven't changed the 70--80\% ratio
\end{itemize}
% (End of speaker notes)
\end{frame}