diff --git a/.task/backlog.data b/.task/backlog.data index 8c1cd4f2..85f090df 100644 --- a/.task/backlog.data +++ b/.task/backlog.data @@ -86,3 +86,8 @@ {"description":"Edit goals and outcomes to adjust capabilities. 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He also wants a cad model?" due:"1758254400" entry:"1757515988" modified:"1757515988" status:"pending" uuid:"48f997bf-b686-4c0b-bee5-ac8e5f874ad9"] +new [description:"get FSAE COM and track data to Matt barry for statics problem. 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Recent interest in powering artificial intelligence +infrastructure has renewed focus on small modular reactors (SMRs), particularly +for hyperscale datacenters requiring hundreds of megawatts of continuous power. +Deploying SMRs at datacenter sites would minimize transmission losses and +eliminate emissions from hydrocarbon-based alternatives. However, the economics +of nuclear power deployment at this scale demand careful attention to operating +costs. + +According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook +2022, advanced nuclear power entering service in 2027 is projected to cost +\$88.24 per megawatt-hour~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. Datacenter electricity demand is +projected to reach 1,050 terawatt-hours annually by +2030~\cite{eesi_datacenter_2024}. If this demand were supplied by nuclear power, +the total annual cost of power generation would exceed \$92 billion. Within this +figure, operations and maintenance represents a substantial component. The EIA +estimates that fixed O\&M costs alone account for \$16.15 per megawatt-hour, +with additional variable O\&M costs embedded in fuel and operating +expenses~\cite{eia_lcoe_2022}. Combined, O\&M-related costs represent +approximately 23-30\% of the total levelized cost of electricity, translating to +\$21-28 billion annually for projected datacenter demand. + +This research directly addresses the multi-billion dollar O\&M cost challenge +through implementations of high-assurance autonomous control. Current nuclear +operations require full control room staffing for each reactor, whether large +conventional units or small modular designs. These staffing requirements drive +the high O\&M costs that make nuclear power economically challenging, +particularly for smaller reactor designs where the same staffing overhead must +be spread across lower power output. By synthesizing provably correct hybrid +controllers from formal specifications, we can automate routine operational +sequences that currently require constant human oversight. This enables a +fundamental shift from direct operator control to supervisory monitoring, where +operators can oversee multiple autonomous reactors rather than manually +controlling individual units. + +The correct-by-construction methodology is critical for this transition. +Traditional automation approaches cannot provide sufficient safety guarantees +for nuclear applications, where regulatory requirements and public safety +concerns demand the highest levels of assurance. By formally verifying both the +discrete mode-switching logic and the continuous control behavior, this research +will produce controllers with mathematical proofs of correctness. These +guarantees enable automation to safely handle routine operations—such as startup +sequences, power level changes, and normal operational transitions—that +currently require human operators to follow written procedures. Operators will +remain in supervisory roles to handle off-normal conditions and provide +authorization for major operational changes, but the routine cognitive burden of +procedure execution shifts to provably correct automated systems that are much +cheaper to operate. + +SMRs represent an ideal deployment target for this technology. Nuclear Regulatory +Commission certification requires extensive documentation of control procedures, +operational requirements, and safety analyses written in structured natural +language. As described in our approach, these regulatory documents can be +translated into temporal logic specifications using tools like FRET, then +synthesized into discrete switching logic using reactive synthesis tools, and +finally verified using reachability analysis and barrier certificates for the +continuous control modes. The infrastructure of requirements and specifications +is already complete as part of the licensing process, creating a direct pathway +from existing regulatory documentation to formally verified autonomous +controllers. + +Beyond reducing operating costs for new reactors, this research will establish a +generalizable framework for autonomous control of safety-critical systems. The +methodology of translating operational procedures into formal specifications, +synthesizing discrete switching logic, and verifying continuous mode behavior +applies to any hybrid system with documented operational requirements. Potential +applications include chemical process control, aerospace systems, and autonomous +transportation, where similar economic and safety considerations favor increased +autonomy with provable correctness guarantees. By demonstrating this approach in +nuclear power—one of the most regulated and safety-critical domains—this +research will establish both the technical feasibility and regulatory pathway +for broader adoption across critical infrastructure. diff --git a/Writing/ERLM/main.aux b/Writing/ERLM/main.aux index 75aa48c5..4eec240c 100644 --- a/Writing/ERLM/main.aux +++ b/Writing/ERLM/main.aux @@ -4,22 +4,25 @@ \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Goals and Outcomes}{1}{}\protected@file@percent } \citation{geromel2006stability} \citation{branicky1998multiple,liberzon2003switching} +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}State of the Art and Limits of Current Practice}{2}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}Control Theory and Hybrid Systems}{2}{}\protected@file@percent } \citation{mitchell2005time} -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}State of the Art and Limits of Current Practice}{3}{}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}Control Theory and Hybrid Systems}{3}{}\protected@file@percent } \citation{yang2024learning} \citation{alur1993hybrid} \citation{alur1995algorithmic} +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}Formal Methods and Reactive Synthesis}{3}{}\protected@file@percent } \citation{giannakopoulou2022fret} \citation{meyer2018strix,jacobs2017syntcomp} -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}Formal Methods and Reactive Synthesis}{4}{}\protected@file@percent } \citation{platzer2008differential,platzer2017complete} \citation{fulton2015keymaera} -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Research Approach}{6}{}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Requirements: $(Procedures \wedge FRET) \rightarrow Temporal Specifications$}{6}{}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Discrete Synthesis: $(TemporalLogic \wedge ReactiveSynthesis) \rightarrow DiscreteAutomata$}{7}{}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}$(DiscreteAutomata \wedge ControlTheory \wedge Reachability) \rightarrow ContinuousModes$}{7}{}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Broader Impacts}{10}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Research Approach}{5}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Requirements: $(Procedures \wedge FRET) \rightarrow Temporal Specifications$}{5}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Discrete Synthesis: $(TemporalLogic \wedge ReactiveSynthesis) \rightarrow DiscreteAutomata$}{6}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}$(DiscreteAutomata \wedge ControlTheory \wedge Reachability) \rightarrow ContinuousModes$}{6}{}\protected@file@percent } +\citation{eia_lcoe_2022} +\citation{eesi_datacenter_2024} +\citation{eia_lcoe_2022} +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Broader Impacts}{8}{}\protected@file@percent } \bibdata{references} \bibcite{geromel2006stability}{1} \bibcite{branicky1998multiple}{2} @@ -34,5 +37,7 @@ \bibcite{platzer2008differential}{11} \bibcite{platzer2017complete}{12} \bibcite{fulton2015keymaera}{13} -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{References}{11}{}\protected@file@percent } +\bibcite{eia_lcoe_2022}{14} +\bibcite{eesi_datacenter_2024}{15} +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{References}{10}{}\protected@file@percent } \gdef \@abspage@last{12} diff --git a/Writing/ERLM/main.bbl b/Writing/ERLM/main.bbl index 80e7178e..0ef70682 100644 --- a/Writing/ERLM/main.bbl +++ b/Writing/ERLM/main.bbl @@ -65,4 +65,16 @@ Nathan Fulton, Stefan Mitsch, Jan-David Quesel, Marcus V{\"o}lp, and Andr{\'e} P \newblock Keymaera x: An axiomatic tactical theorem prover for hybrid systems. \newblock In {\em International Conference on Automated Deduction}, pages 527--538. Springer, 2015. +\bibitem{eia_lcoe_2022} +{U.S. Energy Information Administration}. +\newblock Levelized costs of new generation resources in the annual energy outlook 2022. +\newblock Report, U.S. Energy Information Administration, March 2022. +\newblock See Table 1b, page 9. + +\bibitem{eesi_datacenter_2024} +{Environmental and Energy Study Institute}. +\newblock Data center energy needs are upending power grids and threatening the climate. +\newblock Web article, 2024. +\newblock Accessed: 2025-09-29. + \end{thebibliography} diff --git a/Writing/ERLM/main.blg b/Writing/ERLM/main.blg index 2c4c14ca..2d4d4c8a 100644 --- a/Writing/ERLM/main.blg +++ b/Writing/ERLM/main.blg @@ -3,44 +3,44 @@ Capacity: max_strings=200000, hash_size=200000, hash_prime=170003 The top-level auxiliary file: main.aux The style file: unsrt.bst Database file #1: references.bib -You've used 13 entries, +You've used 15 entries, 1791 wiz_defined-function locations, - 530 strings with 5916 characters, -and the built_in function-call counts, 3422 in all, are: -= -- 313 -> -- 151 + 541 strings with 6280 characters, +and the built_in function-call counts, 3692 in all, are: += -- 340 +> -- 159 < -- 5 -+ -- 56 -- -- 43 -* -- 238 -:= -- 530 -add.period$ -- 42 -call.type$ -- 13 -change.case$ -- 12 ++ -- 60 +- -- 45 +* -- 243 +:= -- 579 +add.period$ -- 50 +call.type$ -- 15 +change.case$ -- 15 chr.to.int$ -- 0 -cite$ -- 13 -duplicate$ -- 155 -empty$ -- 329 -format.name$ -- 43 -if$ -- 770 +cite$ -- 15 +duplicate$ -- 166 +empty$ -- 359 +format.name$ -- 45 +if$ -- 831 int.to.chr$ -- 0 -int.to.str$ -- 13 +int.to.str$ -- 15 missing$ -- 13 -newline$ -- 68 -num.names$ -- 13 -pop$ -- 39 +newline$ -- 80 +num.names$ -- 15 +pop$ -- 46 preamble$ -- 1 purify$ -- 0 quote$ -- 0 -skip$ -- 73 +skip$ -- 76 stack$ -- 0 substring$ -- 243 -swap$ -- 46 +swap$ -- 47 text.length$ -- 5 text.prefix$ -- 0 top$ -- 0 type$ -- 0 warning$ -- 0 -while$ -- 34 -width$ -- 15 -write$ -- 146 +while$ -- 36 +width$ -- 17 +write$ -- 171 diff --git a/Writing/ERLM/main.fdb_latexmk b/Writing/ERLM/main.fdb_latexmk index 76761415..8b215b05 100644 --- a/Writing/ERLM/main.fdb_latexmk +++ b/Writing/ERLM/main.fdb_latexmk @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ # Fdb version 4 -["bibtex main"] 1758729135.32235 "main.aux" "main.bbl" "main" 1758729136.16459 0 - 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