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300s School/NUCE 2100 - Fundamentals of Nuclear Engineering/2024-09-10 Module 3.md

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 	2. But different rays can only penetrate certain materials
 		1. Ionization density is inversely proportional to penetration
 
+>[!note] **Exposure:** 
+>The $\gamma$ and x ray radiation field incident on a body. Measured by the specific ionization produced by it in the neighboring air.
+>Measured in photon flux. Amount of energy transferred from the photons ot a unit mass of air. 
+>Traditional unit for exposure is the roentgen (R)
+>1 R is the amount of radiation required to **liberate** positive or negative charges of one electrostatic unit of charge (esu = 3.33E-10 Coulomb) in 1 cm^3 of dry air at STP.
+>1 R = 1 esu/cm^3 where $\rho$ = 1.293 kg/m^3
+>An old unit. First attempt and standardizing field of radiation measurement
+
+>[!note] Absorbed Dose
+>Actual damage to matter depends on how much energy is absorbed.
+>SI unit: rad ("Radiation Absorbed Dose"): 1 rad = 100 ergs/gm
+
+>[!attention] SI Units for Radiation Quantities
+>• Decay rate: Becquerel (Bq): 1Bq = 1 disintegration/second (dps), whereas 1 Curie = 3.7 x 1010 dps 
+>• Deposited energy: Gray (Gy): 1 Gy = 100 rads = 1 joule/kg * 
+>• Biological radiation effect: Sievert (Sv): 1 Sv = 100 rem 
+>
+>* Recall 1 erg = 10-7 joule 
+
 # Module 3.2 - Radiation Damage in Biological Systems
+Concentrations of ionizations within a single cell are more damaging then spread out ionization over many cells.
+Biological damage is proportional to absorbed dose, as well as LET for that type of radiaiton. 
+
+Look at slides from 3.1 Slide 22-24 for more info
+
 # Module 3.3 - Radiation Protection Standards
 # Module 3.4 - Estimating Radiation Dose Rates
 # Module 3.5 - Radiation Shielding