Dane,

Can you please write me two paragraphs that are each about five sentences long.  The first should describe ARCADE.  The second should describe HIL simulations.  Emphasize formal methods testing and demonstration for both.

Best,

DGC

---
Dan,

Originally developed by the Sandia National Laboratory, the Advanced Reactor Cyber Analysis and Development Environment (ARCADE) is a platform that emulates the control structure of critical infrastructure and has recently been implemented at the University of Pittsburgh. ARCADE achieves this by connecting a simulation of a physical plant to a control system, which can either be an emulation (e.g., virtual machines of programmable logic controllers) or interface with genuine physical control hardware such as embedded controllers or standard programmable logic controllers. This system enables testing of cyberattacks on control systems where physical plants may be inaccessible, their failures dangerous, or their downtime prohibitively expensive. As a plant surrogate, ARCADE eliminates the cost and consequence of simulated failures while providing the benefit of testing on authentic control devices.

ARCADE demonstrates significant potential when integrating simulations of plants with real control hardware, known as hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. By using the actual control hardware intended for physical plants, we can minimize discrepancies between laboratory experiments and industrial environments. This approach increases the similarity between laboratory and industrial settings, thereby lowering the barrier for industrial partners to implement research solutions. We plan to leverage this advantage for the proliferation of formal methods-based verification of control logic [OR WHATEVER YOU'RE PROVING HERE]. By completing formal methods projects on hardware that can be immediately applied in an industrial context, we aim to minimize the difficulty for industry partners in implementing our findings on their own control systems.

You can probably drop that first 'Originally developed by the Sandia National Laboratory' piece if you drop in a citation of one of ARCADE's first reports. Up to you.

If you have a specific context you'd like me to talk about, I can do that. I tried to keep these paragraphs general but still hit all the main topics you mentioned.

Best,

Dane

---
Much thanks.  In use.

Your writing is now in the critical path for us winning this proposal.

|                                 |
| ------------------------------- |
| **Daniel G. Cole, Ph.D., P.E.** |
